Comparative effect of dose escalation of nanocapsulated ivermectin against mange in rabbits

Authors: Azza M. Abdelmoteleb, Dalia M. A.Elmasry, Fatma H. Amro and Reham A. A. Mahmoud

Ger. J. Vet. Res 2022. vol. 2, Iss. 4 pp:8-15
Doi: https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2022.4.0043

Abstract:

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nano-capsulated ivermectin on the liver and kidney function and oxidative status in mite infested-rabbits, compared to ivermectin. Additionally, the ivermectin residue profile in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and kidney was evaluated. For this purpose, nano-capsulated ivermectin was prepared and characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and cytotoxicity assay on Vero cells. To assess the effect of dose escalation of nano-capsulated ivermectin, one-hundred naturally mite-infested male rabbits were divided into four groups (G1-G4; n=25). Rabbits kept in G1 were left untreated (positive control), while rabbits kept in G2 and G3 received subcutaneously 200 and 400 μg/kg body weight ivermectin, respectively, at zero-day and repeated after two weeks of the first injection. Rabbits in G4 were treated with 200 μg/kg nano-capsulated ivermectin at zero day as a single dose. Additionally, twenty-five healthy male rabbits (G0) were used as a negative control. The efficacy was assessed based on clinical manifestations, liver and kidney function, and oxidative stress parameters. Ivermectin residues were measured in fat, liver, muscle, and kidney using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that the size of the nano-capsulated ivermectin was 35.4 nm with a narrow size distribution of 0.578 polydispersity indexes. A significant improvement in liver and kidney functions (P<0.05) was observed in G4 received nano-capsulated ivermectin compared with G1, G2, and G3. Moreover, the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) showed significantly lower levels (P<0.05) in rabbits kept in G4. The nano-capsulated ivermectin treatment had the lowest ivermectin residues in edible tissues with the shortest withdrawal duration (14 days) below the maximum residue limits. The study concluded that nano-capsulated ivermectin is the recommended antiparasitic against mites in rabbits.

Keywords:

Ivermectin nano-capsulated, Liver and kidney function, Mite, Oxidative status, Maximum residue limits

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