Health impacts of sodium bicarbonate on the vascular system

Authors: Ahed J. Alkhatib

Arch.Life.Sci.Res. 2025. vol. 1, Iss. 1 pp:61-72
Doi: https://doi.org/10.51585/alsr.2025.1.0007

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Abstract:

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is used as an antacid and buffering agent in both medical and non-medical fields. Studies show that the effects of bicarbonate therapy extend beyond acid–base balance. This manuscript reviews the health effects of sodium bicarbonate on the vascular system, focusing on its physiological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and associated risks. Sodium bicarbonate helps regulate the body's pH balance and may play an important role in maintaining vascular health. Including baking soda in the diet may help control acidity. Recent studies suggest it may be beneficial for patients with kidney disease or metabolic acidosis. This compound has been shown to improve blood flow and vascular function. Bicarbonate treatment may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells. However, excessive or prolonged use may lead to hypernatremia, hypertension, and fluid retention. Elderly individuals or those with heart conditions are particularly vulnerable to these cardiovascular effects. Additionally, clinical trials have demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate has conflicting effects on blood pressure and vascular resistance. This article also addresses dosage adjustments and patient-specific considerations in bicarbonate therapy. Sodium bicarbonate exhibits therapeutic potential for various conditions. Its effects on the vascular system can be both beneficial and adverse. Further longitudinal, controlled studies are needed to clarify its role in cardiovascular prevention and treatment. A deeper understanding of its effects on vascular physiology could inform clinical applications, though potential risks must be carefully considered.

Keywords:

Sodium bicarbonate, Vascular system, Endothelial function, Acid-base balance, Cardiovascular health

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